Array separation

In inorganic covalently bonded materials such as Ge, Si, and CdS, photoconductivity is described using the band model. The bands (valence and conduction bands) refer to states of allowed electron energies in a finite and quasi-continuous array, separated by a forbidden gap (Eg). In this model, the photogeneration is due to the excitation, by means of light, of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. 

Measurement of pH involves detection of the potential of a glass-calomel electrode array (separate electrodes or in combination) using a pH or millivolt meter, standardised against buffer solutions of known pH. Values for these buffers vary with temperature (Bates 1962 Alvarez 1984). 

Fig. 9.3 The resonance curve as a function ofXA for two arrays with interelement spacings and Dz interlaced into each other with array separation d. The eiement lengths are the same for both arrays, but one array is loaded with and the other with -jX. Note that regardless of spacing dx Dx 2 and jXi 0, we always obtain a null at Xa = Xm and a main resonance slightly higher than the unperturbed configuration.

CMOS ROICs designed for infrared applications are dedicated to signal amplification and processing and not photon detection the detector is a separate component or array that is interconnected or hybridized to the ROIC. Since the detector and ROIC are separate elements, they can be separately optimized for their specific purpose. Silicon p-i-n stmctures, a special case of a visible/near-infrared detector, also have a detector array separate from the ROIC component. 

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