Arrabidaea chica

Debromination with ageing has been observed in the indigoid components of purple [171,172], and photochemical breakdown patterns of the three anthocyanidins contained in Arrabidaea chica red dye, produced by Andean Indian cultures in the tenth to fifteenth centuries, have been hypothesized [173]. Although identifying dye sources in ancient artefacts is quite difficult, it is helped considerably by understanding the fading and degradation mechanisms. 

Zorn, B. et al., 3-Desoxyanthocyanidins from Arrabidaea chica. Phytochemistry, 56, 831, 2001. 

Skin General skin diseases Copaifera spp. (Leguminosae) Virola surinamensis Warb., V. sebifera Aubl. (Myristicaceae) Arrabidaea chica (H.B.K.) Bur. (Bignoniaceae) trunk oil leaves, resin and bark leaves... 

Figure 4 Carajurone (R=CHs) and the related carajuretin (R=H) result by the very rapid enzymatic aerial oxidation of flavans present in the leaves of Arrabidaea chica. The plant is one of the most used Amazonian medicinal plants and the anti-microbial and other activities may be related to the presence of these red pigment. Some indigenous tribes use them as face paints and carajurone has been commercialised in the past as chica red. Genipa americana fruit juice, by the action of an endogenous glucosidase followed by aerial oxidation, provides another pigment. The juice has multiple medicinal uses probably associated with its antimicrobial action. Here the dye is blue-black and is believed to be an ethylene-bis- -aza-azulene , derived by condensation of the genipin monomer with primary amines. ...

Devia B, Llabres G, Wouters J, Dupont L, Escribano-Bailon MT, de Pasccual-Teresa S, Angenot L, Tils M (2002) New 3-deoxyanthocyanidins from leaves of Arrabidaea chica. Phytochem Anal 13 114—120... 

Zom B, Garcia-Pineres AJ, Castro V, Murillo R, Mora G, Merfot I. 3-Desoxyantho-cyanidins from Arrabidaea chica. Phytochemistry 2001 56 831-835. 

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