Aqueous phase oxygen chemistry

The chemistry of different nitrogen oxides with oxidation states larger than -i-l is so closely interlinked - also with the 0x0 acids - that any treatment in separated chapters would diminish the importance of the climate system view. As for oxygen, nitrogen shows a complex aqueous phase chemistry, which is extensively studied because of its importance in biology. 

Shabaker, J. W. Dumesic, J. A., Kinetics of aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons Pt/Al203 and Sn-modified Ni catalysts. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2004, 43, 3105. 

Pendleton and coworkers [46] showed (Fig. 25.5) that the adsorption of dodecanoic acid on different activated carbons linearly decreased when the oxygen content of the carbonaceous adsorbent increased and that the adsorption was not related to the micropore volume of the adsorbent. They concluded that the surface chemistry more accurately predicted the adsorption of dodecanoic acid in aqueous phase compared with the surface area or micropore volume. In addition, carbon surface chemistry also had a significant influence on dodecanoic acid adsorption kinetics. Thus, the adsorption rate was reduced by the high surface oxygen content of the carbon adsorbent, whereas its pore volume made a smaller contribution [47],... 

Nitrogen Radicals 381 Aqueous-Phase Organic Chemistry 381 Oxygen and Hydrogen Chemistry 383 Dynamic Behavior of Solutions with Aqueous-Phase Chemical Reactions 384... 

The aqueous solution layer that forms at the metal interface can ultimately provide a medium for the dissolution of Pd ions or oxidized Pd clusters into the supported liquid layer where they can then act as homogeneous catalysts. As was discussed earlier, the acetoxylation of ethylene can be carried out over various Pda,OAcj, clusters where alkali metal acetates are typically used as promoters. DFT calculations were carried out on both the Pd2(OAc)2 and Pd3(OAc)e clusters in order to examine the paths that control the solution-phase chemistry. The Pd3(OAc)e cluster is the most stable structure but is known experimentally to react to form the Pd2(OAc)2 dimer and monomer complexes in the presence of alkali metal acetates. The reaction proceeds by the dissociative adsorption of acetic acid to form acetate ligands. Elthylene subsequently inserts into a Pd-acetate bond. The cation is then reduced by the reaction to form the neutral Pd°. The reaction is analogous to the Wacker reaction in which ethylene is oxidized over Pd + to form acetaldehyde. Pd° is subsequently reoxidized by oxygen to form pd2+[35,36,44]... 

Shahaker, J.W., Dumesic, J.A., 2004. Kinetics of aqueous—phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons Pt/Al203 and Sn—Modified Ni catalysts. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 43, 3105—3112. 

---