Aquatic animals excretion mechanisms

Based on their low LDjqS, most OPs and CM.s are classified a.s extremely toxic to birds and mammals after a single dose. However, by virtue of their short half-life, they are quickly metabolized by the body and excreted, allowing for a fast recovery from the toxicity. A different outcome is observed when exposure occurs by means of continuous smaller do,se,s. In this case, an accumulative anticholinesterase effect may be observed, even resulting in death after a few days. For aquatic animals, discrete studies have obtained no substantial information regarding (he molecular mechanism of action of OP.s. 

---