Applied Bias Photon-to-Current Efficiency

As with STH, there are several common pitfalls in ABPE reporting that should be avoided  

Reporting a bias only versus a reference electrode and not the counter electrode. Doing so would result in an interface measurement and not a device measurement since a bias versus a reference electrode excludes the second halfreaction occurring at the counter electrode. 

Using a sacrificial donor or acceptor in the electrolyte. While this may be extremely useful in diagnosing interfacial charge transfer limitations, it fails to represent a stand-alone water splitting process. 

Using a chemical bias (e.g., a 2-compartment cell with electrolytes at different pH). 

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Applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) is used for two-electrode measurements [8, 9] ... 

The applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency (ABPE) can be determined using Eq. 2.3 from Chapter Efficiency Debnitions in the Eield of PEC ... 

Applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency A term describing the photocurrent collected per incident photon, taking into account the external applied bias required relative to the water splitting voltage of 1.23 V. 

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