Applications anodic tapes

In recent years, continuous zinc ribbon anodes have been used in a variety of underground applications (Kurr, 1973 Peabody, 1976 O Connell, 1977). This type of product has broadened the applications for zinc anodes, for it provides small increments of current continuously along the entire length of a cathode. Its uses are generally considered to lie in specialty applications, where other methods of cathodic protection are either impractical or extremely costly (see later section on induced ac on pipelines). Bagnulo (1973, 1984) has developed a tape with an electrically conducting adhesive as described in the Mechanical Coatings part of Chapter 1. 

SOFC anodes are fabricated from composite powdered mixtures of electrol5de materials (YSZ, GDC, or SDC) and nickel oxide. The nickel oxide is subsequently reduced to nickel metal prior to operation. The NiO/YSZ anode material is suited for applications with YSZ material, whereas NiO/SDC and NiO/GDC anode materials are best used with ceria-based electrolyte materials. Typical anode materials have nickel content of approximately 40 volume percent after reduction of the nickel oxide to nickel. Depending upon the application, powders have surface areas of 15 to 20 m /g for screen-printing and 5 to 10 m /g for tape casting. 

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