Anvils Drickamer

Figure 5. Different types of opposed-anvil devices (a) Bridgman (b) Drickamer (c) girdle (d) belt (e) sample area of the toroidal anvil.

The development of a squeezer apparatus for optical studies by Drickamer and his coworkers (Fitch et al., 1957) and almost at the same time the development of the diamond anvil cell (DAC) (Weir et al., 1959 Jamieson et al., 1959) provided real breakthrough in the... 

In Drickamer supported-anvil devices (shown in Fig. 1.14), the gasket assembly is contained within a cylinder, usually of a compound type. They are... 

Fig. 1.14 The principle of Drickamer supported-anvil devices . (Reprinted with permission from Rev. Sci. Instr. 32, 308 (1961).)...

The compressibility of the rare earth metals was first investigated up to 40 kbar by Bridgman (see Lawson s review, 1956) for most of the members of the series, and in some cases to about 90 kbar. Since Bridgman s earlier measurements, Stephens (1964) has published compression data on Pr, Eu, Tb, Yb and Sc to 45 kbar and Perez-Albuerne et al. (1966) have reported on the compressibility of Ho, Er and Tm to about 200 kbar (see Drickamer et al., 1966). More recently Liu et al. (1973) and Liu (1975) have measured the compressibility of Tm and Lu respectively in a diamond anvil high pressure X-ray apparatus to several hundred kbar. Syassen and Holzapfel (1975) have reported on the compression of La to 120 kbar. Anomalies corresponding to the phase transitions discussed earlier were noted in some cases in these static compression measurements at the y to a-Ce transition near 7 kbar (ch. 4, section 2.1) and in La at the dhep-fee transition near 25 kbar (Bridgman, see Lawson s review, 1956), in Yb at the fcc-bcc transition near 40 kbar (Stephens, 1964) and in Lu from the hep to Sm-type transition near 230 kbar (Liu, 1975). Bulk moduli evaluated from these data are plotted in fig. 9.11. For Gd, Dy, and Er single crystal elastic constant data and their pressure variation have been obtained (Fisher et al., 1973). 

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