Antiviral General

Discuss the uses, general drug action, adverse reactions, contraindications, precautions, and interactions of antiviral drugs. 

General uses of the antiviral dragp include the treatment of ... 

Short replication cycles that may be completed within a few hours, a large amount of viral progeny from one infected host-cell, as well as the general inaccuracy of viral nucleic acid polymerases result in an evolution occurring in fast motion, allowing rapid adaptation of viruses to selective pressures (see chapter by Boucher and Nijhius, this volume). Generalizing, it can be stated that any effective antiviral therapy will lead to the occurrence of resistance mutations. A well studied example... 

Much of the literature pertaining to putative inhibitors of HCV helicase has recently been discussed in the excellent review published by Frick (2007). As he points out, one of the main problems with a helicase as target for antiviral drugs is the potential for general toxicity related to the highly conserved nature of the... 

Fig. 2 RNAi inducers used in antiviral strategies. In general, RNAi is induced either by transfection of synthetic siRNAs into cells, or by stable or transient intracellular expression of double-stranded siRNA precursors (shRNA, e-shRNA, IhRNA, or pri-miRNAs). After transcription in the nucleus shRNAs, IhRNAs and e-shRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm and subsequently diced into mature siRNAs. Pri-miRNAs modified to encode antiviral siRNAs first undergo cleavage by Drosha before they are exported to the cytoplasm. Here the antiviral pre-miRNAs (also called shRNA-miRs) are processed by Dicer into the mature miRNAs. After loading of the antisense strand of the siRNAs/miRNAs into RISC, the complex will target and cleave viral transcripts bearing the complementary sequences...

Microbes responsible for skin infection often arise from the normal skin flora which includes Staph, aureus. In addition Strep, pyogenes, Ps. aeruginosa and anaerobic bacteria are other recognized pathogens. Vimses also affect the skin and mucosal surfaces, either as a result of generalized infection or localized disease as in the case of herpes simplex. The latter is amenable to antiviral therapy in selected patients, although for the majority of patients, vims infections of the skin are self-limiting. 

In this review, general and efficient approaches to a diverse series of triazoles and coumarin derivatives have been developed and discussed. The obtained products have been characterized with the help of spectroscopic techniques and were screened for their antiviral and antitumor activity. The methods could provide valuable routes to various coumarin derivatives and enrich the organic and medicinal chemistry of coumarins. The synthesized triazoles and coumarin derivatives showed moderate to good antiviral and antitiunor activities. 

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