Antibiotic resistance covalent modification

Resistance to a range of antibiotics is of increasing concern in clinical practice since the genes are often carried on transmissible plasmids. There are different types of mechanism that confer resistance, inclnding enzymatic covalent modification of the antibiotic, effective efflnx systems, and indnction of a cellnlar enzyme that is resistant to the antibiotic. Examples of these are used as illustration. 

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