Anthocyanins cyanidin-3-glucoside

Miyazawa, T., Nakagawa, K., Kudo, M., Muraishi, K., and Someya, K., Direct intestinal absorption of red fruit anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, into rats and humans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 1083, 1999. 

Furthermore, the content of two anthocyanins cyanidin 3-glucoside (4) and cyanidin 3-rutinoside (5)(Figure 1) in these cultures was follows ... 

Wharton, P.S. and Nicholson, R.L., Temporal synthesis and radiolabelling of the sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and the anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-dima-lonyl glucoside, New Phytol, 145, 457, 2000. 

An equation was formulated to predict the series of anthocyanins linked to polyflavan-3-oIs via a CH3-CH bridge. The equation is Anthocyanin + 28 + 288a - 2b, where anthocyanin represents the molecular weight of the terminal anthocyanin [cyanidin-3-galactoside (449.4 amu), cyanidin-3-glucoside (449.4 amu), cyanidin-3-arabinoside (419.4 amu), peonidin-3-galactoside (463.4... 

Anthocyanins Cyanidin 3-galactoside Cyanidin 3-glucoside Cyanidin 3-arabinoside Blackberries, blackcurrant, blueberries, black grape, elderberries. [15]... 

Chen, RN., Chu, S.C., Chiou, H.L., Kuo, W.H. Chiang, C.L. Hsieh, Y.S. (2006). Mulberry anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, exhibited an inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of a hmnan limg cancer cell hne. Cancer Letters, 235, 248-259. 

The effects of pH under model conditions (0.6 to 5.5 for 24 hr) were covered by Nielsen et al. for four anthocyanins (3-O-glucoside, glycosylated cyanidin, rutinoside, and delphinidin rutinoside). After 24 hr, over 90% of the anthocyanins were intact up to pH 3.3, while instabihty greatly increased at pH greater than 4.5. 

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT EC 2.1.1.6) is located in many tissues and catalyzes the methylation of polyphenols. The methylation is a well-established pathway in the metabolism of flavonoids such as those that undergo 3, 4 -dihydrox-ylation of ring B excreted as 3 -0-methyl ether metabohtes in rat bile. " Recently, the apparent methylation of both cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside (cyanidin is an anthocyanin with a 3, 4 -dihydroxylation of ring B) to peonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-sambubioside was reported in humans. In rats, this transformation occurred mainly in the liver and was catalyzed by COMT."°... 

Four cyanidins with 4 -glucosidation were recently isolated in minor amounts from pigmented scales of red onion. Two were the only anthocyanins with B ring sugar substitutions and no glycosyl moieties in anthocyanidin position 3, whereas the other two were also glycosilated at the usual position 3. ... 

The color stability of strawberry syrup with or without fortification with anthocyanins from black currants (cyanidin and delphinidin 3-glucosides and 3-rutino-sides) and/or AA with levels equivalent to those existing in black currant syrup was investigated. Black currant-fortified strawberry anthocyanins showed higher stability the addition of AA diminished stability. ... 

Research into the copigmentation of anthocyanins started as early as 1913 when Willstatter and Everest determined the chemical structure of cyanidin 3-glucoside isolated from blue cornflowers and red roses, and attributed the color changes to different pH levels in cell saps. This theory, however, was questioned and in 1916, Willstatter and Zollinger,revising the previous work, proposed a new theory according to which the colors of the anthocyanins varied significantly by the effects... 

Adams, J.B., Thermal degradation of anthocyanins with particular reference to the 3-glucoside of cyanidin. 1. In acidified aqueous solutions at 100°C, J. Set FoodAgric., 24, 747, 1973. 

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