Anthocyanidins Anthocyanin-derivatives

Anthocyanidins are derived from flavonols. In nature, they are found as glycosides and are termed as anthocyanins. The have characteristic colour ranging from red to blue and they are responsible for colour of the fruits. Cyanidin and delphinidin are familiar examples. 

Acid hydrolysis compounds 105 Aminoacetophenone in wines 149 Anthocyanin derivatives 200 Anthocyanidins 164 Aroma compounds in grape 97,103,107... 

The majority of the plant pigments hitherto isolated from woods in pure form are the flavonoids, such as flavone, flavanone, isoflavone, isoflavanone, pterocar-pane, and chalcone derivatives, along with the phenols stilbene and xanthone, which are almost white or yellow in color. Other flavonoids such as aurone and neoflavone derivatives (orange pigments) have a limited distribution and sometimes occur as wood extractives in species of the Anacardiaceae and Leguminosae (4, 7). The presence of the typical anthocyanin derivatives of flowers and fruits is extremely rare in wood, but their leuco-compounds such as flavan-3-ol and flavan-3,4-diol have been found to occur in the wood of a considerable number of tree species (14). Besides anthocyanidin, the few other deep-colored (red, purple, or blue) pigments from woods usually possess a quinone structure. 

The anthocyanins are glucosides of polyhydric phenols and phenol ethers having OH and phenyl as substituents in the pyran ring. These glucosides can be regarded as derived from three types of sugar-free anthocyanidins. 

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