Analysis of Interfaces by AP

If N is the total number of detected atoms of the segregating element i, N the total number of atoms detected, cm the matrix concentration of the element, then 

Thuvander and Andren (2000) have reviewed APFIM studies of grain and phase boundaries and demonstrate that the technique has played a vital role in the understanding of interfacial chemistry in many important materials including 

The development of the 3DAP has made it possible to analyse much larger areas of an interface, which improves the statistics as well as the detection limit. Thomson and Miller (2000) provide an impressive example of this technique, as shown in 

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