Amplitude and Rupture

Little quantitative work has been published on drop oscillations in liquid-liquid systems. Lamb (L2) reviews two methods for the analysis of a spherical mass of liquid. Elzinga and Banchero (El) use the primary mode of oscillation 

Violent oscillations of the axially symmetric type can be induced in single drops formed at a nozzle. Drops of chlorobenzene (Dg = 0.985 cm) were so formed, and allowed to fall in water. At about five inches below the nozzle two types of rupture were observed. A small droplet was formed at the front and hurled ahead of the drop by the next oscillation. A second mode of formation caused a droplet to be formed by inertial pinch at the rear of the oscillating drop. This rear-formed droplet was always larger than the very small one formed in front. There were, on occasion, two successive pinch-formed droplets from the rear. In a few instances both front and rear formation occurred, as shown in Fig. 13 in selected 

All of these disturbances cause a many-fold increase in the rate of transfer of solute across the interface. If a chemical or thermal difference along an interface causes an interfacial tension gradient, violent flow in the direction of low a will result. This action is usually termed the Marangoni effect. 

An excellent discussion of the phenomenon of spontaneous emulsion has been included in a recent book by Davies and Rideal (D2). Interfacial turbulence has been advanced (D2, 01) as a possible cause but has been eliminated in at least one ease (D2). Diffusion and stranding seems 

---