Amphoteric buffers

It is also favorable to have a BGE with high ionic strength. The compromise for conductivity detection is to use a BGE based on amphoteric buffers because they present low conductivity and can therefore he used at relatively high concentrations. 

Amphoteric Buffers pH Shift. When buffers that contain both ioni-zable cations and anions such as ammonium acetate or ammonium phosphate are used, the change in the buffer pH (pH shift) is dependent on the pH of the starting buffer. For example, with an ammonium acetate buffer with the... 

The accidental spillage of acid and alkalis in manufacturing plants and laboratories occur on a daily basis. An amphoteric buffer composed of magnesium oxide or hydroxide and magnesium sulfate can be used to not only absorb the liquid spill and suppress the emission of vapors but also neutralize it (McGillivray et al., 2004). This product is sold under the trade name... 

The Swedish firm Pharmacia contributed to the development of CF by producing special amphoteric buffers (cf., 4.5.3.3) and ion exchangers (cf., 4.5.2.4). These products are described in detail in a brochure [51] available on request, which serves as a laboratory manual for CF. There is no doubt that chromatofocusing is an effective method for ion exchange separation of proteins. However, because it is a new method, we cannot yet evaluate its contribution to the progress in the field of biochemistry. The author hopes that this method will be found as useful as the electrofocusing method. 

Amphoteric buffers for ampholyte displacement chromatography and chro-matofocusing... 

In spite of the fact that chromatofocusing originated [45] from the formation of internal pH-gradient in a column of a conventional ion exchanger using conventional buffers, for its further development [46-49] not only were special ion exchangers synthesized (cf., section 4.5.2.4), but special amphoteric buffers were also applied. LKB Ampholines were used for experiments with isoelectric elution [47,48], but in the last paper of this series [49] Pharmacia Pharmalyte buffers (pH... 

The dynamics of lEF are illustrated in the simulations of Figure 3. This simulator is quite realistic, since it accepts 150 components and voltage gradients (300Vcm ) employed in laboratory practice. Before passage of the current, the column is at constant pH and the multitude of amphoteric buffers is randomly distributed, resulting in reciprocal neutralization. However, each individual CA species will have its own titration curve (see Figure 2, lower left... 

The general properties of the carrier ampholytes, i.e., of the amphoteric buffers used to generate and stabilize the pH gradient in lEF, can be summarized as follows ... 

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