Ampholytes synthesis

Kudaibergenov, S. E. (2002). Poly ampholytes synthesis, characterization, and application. New York Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 

Makhmudov, T. -M, Khidoyatov, K. K and Khakimov, A. S., Synthesis, properly study, and development of technology for making ampholyte surfactants based on aromatic hydroxy acids, in Tr. 7ili Mezhdunar, Kongr. Poverkhn Akl Veshchestvam, 1976 Chem. Abstr., 91,59211, 1979. 

Vesterberg, O., Synthesis and isoelectric fractionation of carrier ampholytes, Acta Chem. Scand., 23, 2653,1969. 

The apparatus described by Vesterberg (26) had 20 chambers separated by sieve membranes of polyvinylchloride paper. Cooling water was circulated through narrow glass tubes in each cell. The original mixture from the synthesis of carrier ampholytes was poured into the cells. Current was applied via the platinum electrodes in the two end chambers. After about 24 hr the ampholytes had separated, the most acidic ones... 

The synthesis of an ampholytic block copolymer, namely PMAA-PDEAEMA, carrying carboxylic and tertiary amino side groups, has been also realized by ATRP, as has been reported by Tam and coworkers [15]. Initially, the synthesis of the tert-butyl protected PMAA block was performed using p-toluenesulfonyl chloride as an initiator and CuCl complexed with N,N,N ,N ,N ,N -hexamethyltriethylenetetraamine as a catalyst in 50 vol % anisole at 90 °C. The obtained polymer was used as the macroinitiator for the subsequent polymerization of the second monomer, DEAEMA, imder similar reaction conditions. Figure 3. The resulted copolymer was subjected to selective hydrolysis, imder acidic conditions, for removal of the tert-butyl protecting group. 

Figure 3. Synthesis of the ampholytic PMAA-PDEAEMA by ATRP. Reproduced from [15] by permission of the American Chemical Society.

Scheme 3.18 Synthesis of pH-responsive targeted ampholytic copolymers by RAFT polymerization). (Reproduced from Heath et al. with permission from Wiley.)...

Vesterberg O (1969) Synthesis of carrier ampholytes for isoelectric focusing. Acta Chemica Scandinavica 23 2653-2666. 

Synthesis. Polyampholytes are most readily prepared by the direct statistical copolymerization of anionic and cationic monomers typically in aqueous media, via conventional free radical pol3unerization. Examples of such materials were first reported in the 1950s (240-244). Using this approach a wide range of copolymers and terpolymers, often with a neutral hydrophilic monomer such as acrylamide, have been reported. For example, early reports of statistical polyampholytes include the methacrylic acid-stat-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymers (245), from IZ and 2Z with 6Z and the iV,A(-diethylallylamine-stat-acrylic acid copolymers from IZ and 6Z (246). More recently, synthesis and properties of novel polyampholytic terpol5uners have been described (247-250). For example, the aqueous solution properties of novel ampholytic terpolymers of acrylamide, sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate 5Z and 3-(acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride 8Z have been studied in detail (187). 

The prerequisite for peptide synthesis is the temporary disappearance of the ampholytic properties of amino acids. The different methods and steps in the synthesis of peptides (1) are concerned with the following ... 

Yin, Q., Li, Y, Yin, Q.-J., Miao, X., Jiang, B. (2009). Synthesis and rheological behavior of a novel V-sulfonate ampholyte chitosan. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113, 3382-3387. 

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