Ammonium hydroxide, alkalizer

A mixture of 14.1 parts of 1 -benzyl-4-cyano-4-piperidinopiperidine and 40 parts of 90% sulfuric acid is heated on a steam bath for 10 minutes. Without further heating, the mixture is stirred until a temperature of about 20°C is obtained. The mixture is then poured into 150 parts of ice-water and the resultant solution is alkalized with excess ammonium hydroxide solution. The aqueous solution is decanted from the precipitated oil. On treating this oil with 80 parts of acetone, crystallization sets in. After one hour the solid is filtered off and dried to yield 1 -benzyI-4-piperidinopiperidine-4-carboxamide melting at about 137.5°C to MO C. 

Gambino and Schreiber (G3) found that plasma in an open Auto-Analyzer cup lost 1.6 mEq/1 of carbon dioxide in 15 minutes 4 mEq/1 in 30 minutes and 5.5 mEq/1 in 60 minutes. Thereafter, the loss plateaued and remained at 7 mEq/1. This loss was prevented by alkalization of plasma by the addition of 1 drop (0.035 ml) of 1 i T ammonium hydroxide... 

A solution of 2 parts of DL-2-(acetylimino)-3-[2-hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]thiazoline in 16 parts of thionylchloride and 45 parts chloroform is stirred and refluxed for one hour. After cooling the whole is extracted with water. The acid aqueous solution is separated, washed with toluene, alkalized with ammonium hydroxide solution and extracted with chloroform. The extract is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The oily residue is dissolved in 40 parts boiling 2-propanol. To this warm solution is added a warm solution of an equivalent quantity of oxalic acid dihydrate in 2-propanoL After cooling to room temperature, the precipitated oxalate is filtered off and dried in vacuum, yielding DL-5,6-dihydro-6-(2-thienyl)imidazo[2,l-b]thiazole oxalate MP 192°-193°C. 

An aqueous solution of this salt is alkalized with ammonium hydroxide and extracted with toluene. The extract is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The oily residue is crystallized from 12 parts xylene. The solid is filtered off and dried in vacuum, yielding DLI-5,6-dihydro-6-(2-thienyl)imidazo[2,l-b]thiazole MP 58°-62°C. 

The sample is mixed and heated to 80-90 °C on a magnetic stirrer. Then precipitation of calcium and strontium phosphates in alkaline medium (pH = 8 - 9) is performed by adding concentrated ammonium hydroxide. Precipitate is allowed to settle for at least 2 hours to one night. Then the supernatant is discarded. The precipitate is collected in a centrifuge tube and rinsed with alkalized water. Precipitate is dried in a warm atmosphere at 80°C. 

Currently, most cocoa powders are produced by the so-called Dutch or alkalized process, in which the nib is treated with a warm aqueous solution of up to three parts of anhydrous potassium carbonate to 100 parts of nib (or equivalent amounts of other alkalis such as potassium bicarbonate and hydroxide carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides of sodium, magnesium, and ammonium or their combinations). After the alkali is completely absorbed, the nib is processed as in the above method to yield alkalized cocoa powder. Alkalized cocoa is considered to have improved dispersibility, color, and flavor over unalkalized cocoa. 

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