Water vapor + ammonia

Takuma, M., Yamada, A., Matsuo, T., and Tokita, Y., Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of Ammonia-Water Vapor Mixture on a Vertical Flat Surface, Proc. 10th Inti. Heat Transfer Conf, Vol.3 pp395-400, 1994. 

TABLE 2. Ammonia-Water Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium... 

When heated, orange ammonium dichromate undergoes a chemical change to ammonia, water vapor, and chromium (III) oxide. A return to the original temperature does not restore the orange color because the ammonium dichromate is no longer there. 

Methane, ammonia, water vapor, and hydrogen are generally unre-active. Miller knew that, to get the gases to produce potentially interesting chemicals, he would have to pump some energy into the system to jumble things up. One source of energy that would have been available on... 

The reactor effluent contains the nitrile product, intermediates, unconverted feedstock for recycling, ammonia, water vapor, nitrogen, carbon oxides and traces of HCN. Separation is carried out by condensation to recover most of the organic components, which are separated (depending on the speciflc substrate converted) by distillation, extraction or crystallization. Off-gases are scrubbed with basic and then acidic solutions to eliminate CO2 and NH3, respectively, and then recycled. 

The Galileo entry probe was sent to Jupiter to sound the atmosphere down through the main cloud layers, to profile the clouds and measure the abundances of the important cloud-forming condensates ammonia, water vapor and hydrogen sulfide in warm, upwelling, condensate-free air. Improbably, and unfortunately, it fell into and sampled a rare region of subsiding, cloud-free, and extremely dry stratospheric air. 

As in the gas-liquid systems, the equilibrium in vapor-liquid systems is restricted by the phase rule, Eq. (10,2-1). As an example we shall use the ammonia-water, vapor-liquid system. For two components and two phases, F from Eq. (10.2-1) is 2 degrees of freedom. The four variables are temperature, pressure, and the composition of NH3 in the vapor phase and in the liquid phase. The composition of water (B) is fixed ify or. 4 is specified, since + ys = TO and, x + Xg = 1.0. If the pressure is fixed, only one more variable can be set. If we set the liquid composition, the temperature and vapor composition are automatically set. 

Two-step catalysis and ammonia/water vapor treatment also improve the mechanical strength of S1O2 nanoporous networks developed as antireflective coatings (Wu, 2003), as well as of Sn02 coatings. 

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