Ammonia liquid viscosity

Ammonia liquid viscosity may be calculated from the following equation ... 

Liquid ammonia, which boils at 240 K, is an ionising solvent. Salts are less ionised in liquid ammonia than they are in water but, owing to the lower viscosity, the movement of ions through liquid ammonia is much more rapid for a given potential gradient. The ionisation of liquid ammonia... 

Polybutene resins. These liquid resins are obtained by cationic polymerization of petroleum C4 streams in the presence of AICI3 at relatively low temperature. Temperature and AICI3 concentration are important factors as they influence the molecular weight and viscosity of the final resin. After reaction, the mixture is deactivated with water, methanol, ammonia or aqueous sodium hydroxide. The organic layer is separated and distilled to remove solvent and unconverted material. 

Soft silvery-white metal body-centered cubic structure density 0.531 g/cm3 burns with a carmine-red flame, evolving dense white fumes melts at 180.54°C vaporizes at 1,342°C vapor pressure 1 torr at 745°C and 10 torr at 890°C electrical resistivity 8.55 microhm-cm at 0°C and 12.7 microhm-cm at 100°C viscosity 0.562 centipoise at 200°C and 0.402 centipoise at 400°C reacts with water soluble in liquid ammonia forming a blue solution. 

Silvery metal body-centered cubic structure imparts crimson-red color to flame density 0.862g/cm3 at 20°C melts at 63.25°C density of hquid potassium at 100°C is 0.819 g/cm and 0.771g/cm3 at 300°C vaporizes at 760°C vapor pressure 123 torr at 587°C electrical resistivity 6.1 microhm-cm at 0°C and 15.31 microhm-cm at 100°C viscosity 0.25 centipoise at 250°C surface tension 86 dynes/cm at 100°C thermal neutron absorption cross section 2.07 barns reacts violently with water and acids reacts with alcohol dissolves in liquid ammonia and mercury... 

The remarkable variations in the viscosity of molten sulphur have already been mentioned. Definite measurements have been made at a series of temperatures by the method of rotating cylinders,5 and it, has been found that exposure of the liquid to air, especially below 160° C., has a marked effect on the viscosity from 160° C. onwards. The viscosity of purified (twice distilled but not gas-free) sulphur lias a value at 123° C. of 0 1094 C.G.S. units this falls to a minimum of 0 0709 at 150° C., rises gradually up to about 159° then rapidly increases above this temperature an exact transition point is not observed, however. The maximum for purified unexposed (gas-frcc) sulphur occurs at about 200° C. and has a value of 215 C.G.S. units. For purified (not gas-free) sulphur after prolonged exposure to the air, the maximum occurs at about 190° C, and may have a value as high as 800 C.G.S. units. Such high viscosity appears to be due to impurities, the chief being sulphuric acid, resulting from exposure to the air sulphur dioxide and ammonia in solution also have an appreciable effect. 

Gallium(III) bromide is a hygroscopic, white solid which sublimes readily and melts at 122.5° to a covalent, dimeric liquid. The solid is ionic and its electrical conductivity at the melting point is twenty-three times that of the liquid.5 The vapor pressure of the liquid at T°K is given by the equation log p(mm.) = 8.554 — 3129/T and the heat of dissociation of the dimer in the gas phase is 18.5 kcal./mol.3 At 125° the liquid has the following properties 5,6 density, 3.1076 dynamic viscosity, 2.780 c.p. surface tension, 34.8 dynes/cm. and specific conductivity, 7.2 X 10-7 ohm-1 cm.-1 Gallium(III) bromide readily hydrolyzes in water and forms addition compounds with ligands such as ammonia, pyridine, and phosphorus oxychloride. 

Most interestingly, ammonia is a potent antifreeze for water. Recently recovered data from Titan suggest that that moon is periodically being resurfaced by a liquid having a viscosity comparable to that of a water-ammonia eutectic, which is liquid even in an environment that experiences methane rain. Water-ammonia eutectics, which... 

The following, from [72], is a formula for interpolation along the vapor pressure curve for liquid ammonia (viscosity q in N s m 2) ... 

Perkey and Farhataziz [38] have measured the rate constants for the reaction of e am with some aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene, nitrobenzene, phenan-threne, naphthalene, benzamide), with acetone and with dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1-chloropropane. In the case of the aromatic molecules listed above, the rate constants are an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding values in water, reflecting the lower viscosity of liquid ammonia and indicating that the reactions are diffusion-controlled. In the case of biphenyl (B), the reaction of e am was found to be reversible [39] ... 

Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates. Probably the most important derivatives of fatty alcohol in the C12-C14 and C12-C16 ranges are the fatty alcohol ether sulfates. They are produced by the sulfation of the fatty alcohol, containing 2-3 moles of ethylene oxide, with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid and subsequently neutralized with caustic soda, ammonia, or an alkanolamine. The ether sulfates possess superior properties over the fatty alcohol sulfates. They have unlimited water solubility, are unaffected by water hardness, and possess superior skin compatibility. Accordingly, they are used in liquid shampoos and bath preparations. One characteristic of this material is its ability to increase its viscosity by the addition of an electrolyte such as salt (5). 

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