Amino valeric acid

Iso-valeric acid is one of the isomeric five carbon acids. It is 3-methyl butanoic acid. Valine is the alphchdimmo derivative of it. a-Amino Valeric Acid, CH3—CH2—CH2—CH(NH2)—COOH 

There has also been isolated from the products of protein hydrolysis the alpha-3mmo derivative of the normal five carbon acid, valeric acid. It has no special name. 

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Fig. 2.17 A / -peptide (92) two-helix bundle [1 79]. The parallel bundle was designed by dimerizing a 3,4-helical peptide via a disulfide bond. The interaction interface of the bundle consist of four hydrophobic residues ((S)-amino valeric acid, / -HLeu and...

Aminouracil, a 155 2-Aminovaleric acid, a253 5-Amino valeric acid, a254 Amyl compounds, see Pentyl Amyl alcohol, p37 act-Amyl alcohol, ml53 sec-Amyl alcohol, p38 tert-Amyl alcohol, ml54 tert-Amylamine, d601... 

A19. Ayala, A., and Cutler, R. G., Comparison of 5-hydroxy-2-amino valeric acid with carbonyl group content as a marker of oxidized protein in human and mouse liver tissues. Free Radicals Biol. Med. 21, 551-558 (1996). 

A large body of literature exists concerning the measurement of protein oxidation during aging in different models. Most of the studies measure the formation of protein-bound carbonyls [88-108]. Other authors suggested or used other amino acid modifications, like tyrosine oxidation products such as dityrosine, o-tyrosine or nitrotyrosine [109-112], the formation of 5-hydroxyl-2-amino valeric acid [ 113], or methionine sulfoxide formation [112]. Changes... 

Fig. 3. Proline and arginine synthesis and degradation to show interrelationships between the pathways. The structures are glutamic acid (GLU), ornithine (ORN), citrulline (CIT), arginine (ARG), urea. 2-oxo-5-amino valeric acid (OAV), A -pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid (P2C), proline (PRO), A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), glutamic semialdehyde (GSA).

Amino- -valeric acid hydrochloride [627-95-2] M 153.6, m 92-94", 103-104". Crystalhse the salt from CHCI3. Otherwise dissolve it in EtOH and add 2 volumes of Et20 and chill. [Schniepp Marvel J Am Chem Soc 57 1557 1935, Woods CoXy rJAm Chem Soc 67 654 1945, Beilstein 4 III 1343, 4IV 2636.]... 

Amino- -valeric acid (S-aminopentanoic acid) [660-88-8] M 117.2, m 157-158 , pKf 4.25, pK 10.66. Crystallise it from H20/Et0H. When heated above its melting point, it is converted to 2-piperidone with m 200°. [Wood Co QxJAm Chem Soc 67 654 1945, Beilstein 4 IV 2636.]... 

L-(+)-2-Aminovaleric acid Pentanoic acid, 2-amino- Valeric acid, 2-amino-Classification Amino acid Empincal C5H11NO2 Formula CH3(CH2)2CHNH2COOH Properties Wh. cryst. powd. sol. in hot water insol. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, petrol, ether m.w. 117.15 m.p. 305 C Toxicoiogy May be harmful by inh., ing., or skin absorp. may cause eye/skin irritation Precaution Incompat. with strong oxidizing agents... 

Krebs" observed that D-ornithine is oxidized to a-keto-5-amino valeric acid by D-amino acid oxidase. 

Figure 1. Reactivity of glyceraldehyde with amino-derivates of various lenght. The formation of browning derivates (Abs 340 nm) is plotted against the number of carbons in the molecule (a-ALA= -alanine p-ALA=p-alanine GABA=Y-aminobutyrric acid AVA=amino valeric acid ACA=amino caproic acid Lys=lysine). (Adapted from ref. 9).

Fig. 20 Examples of oligonucleotide analogs with a polyamide backbone, (a) Thyminyl-alkyl polyamides with (m = 1, x = 4), and without glycine spacers (m = 0, x = 4) (40) poly-thyminyl-alanin (m = 0, x = 1) (41), (b) Cytosylmethyl derivatives of 4-amino butyric acid (y = 1), and 5-amino valeric acid (y = 2) (43) (c) PoIy-L-lysine nucleoside conjugates (z = 2 3, w = 2,4) (44),...

The effect of removing the two charged groups from one another s influence is seen in 5-amino-valeric acid (7-6) which has pKg values of 4-3 and 10 8 which are very near to those of acetic acid (4-8) and methylamine (10 7) respectively (the pKa of the methyl ester is 1015). 

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