Amino acids oxygen functional groups

Carbonates (ester of carbonic acid) are functional groups in which the carbon atom is surrounded by three oxygen atoms. This structure consists of two single and one double bonds. Carbonate-based pseudo poly(amino acids) are the first bioactive polymers to be synthesized and have been reported initially by Kohn [40,41]. The molecular weights of these polymers range from 120 to 450 kDa [40,41]. Their... 

Figure 3.1 The general ranges of 5 so, Cq and i2 for the common oxygen functional groups found in biomolecules. Note that these values can be different in liquid-state NMR measurements [5]. Abbreviations AA, amino acid CA, carboxylic acid Ar, aromatic ring.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the second reaction of the fatty acid P-oxidation pathway catalyzed by co/i enoyl-CoA hydratase. Compounds 1 and 2 are 2-mmr-enoyl-CoA and L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, respectively. The protonated Glu transfers a proton to the a carbon of the substrate on the re face, whereas the deprotonated Glu" attracts a proton from water whose oxygen makes a nudeopbilic attack on the P-carbon of the substrate. The amino group of Gly" in the peptide backbone acts as a l rogen donor to form a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen so that an electronic rearrangement occurs in the acryloyl portion of the sul trate. The transition state is shown in the square brackets The product, L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, can then leave the active site. Two general acid-base functional groups, the ycarboxyl groups of Glu and Glu , play a major part in the hydratase catalysis...

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