Aluminum based oligomerization processes

Nickel salts with fluoroorganothiol or sulfide followed by addition of organic aluminum halide or alcoxide or borohydride may be also used in the oligomerization processes of olefins [215]. Catalytic systems based on nickel salts can be activated by active ligands, for example, 1,3-diketone [181,216]. 

Butene. Commercial production of 1-butene, as well as the manufacture of other linear a-olefins with even carbon atom numbers, is based on the ethylene oligomerization reaction. The reaction can be catalyzed by triethyl aluminum at 180—280°C and 15—30 MPa ( 150 300 atm) pressure (6) or by nickel-based catalysts at 80—120°C and 7—15 MPa pressure (7—9). Another commercially developed method includes ethylene dimerization with the Ziegler dimerization catalysts, (OR) —AIR, where R represents small alkyl groups (10). In addition, several processes are used to manufacture 1-butene from mixed butylene streams in refineries (11) (see BuTYLENEs). 

It was shown in [249] on the base of quantum-chemical calculations and experimental data that acidic force of electrophilic catalysts is the measure of activity and stereospecificity of their action under cationic polymerization. Increase of acidic force of electrophilic polymerizations catalysts promotes increase of their activity but decreases process selectivity. For example, in [250] piperylene oligomerization initiated by etherates of titanium chloride and aluminum is studied. AlCl3 0(C6Hs)2 gives high yield and molecular mass of product and received oligopiperylene however has low unsaturation. 

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