Alpha panicles

During 1910-1911, Sir Ernest Rutherford suggested ail experiment, carried out by Geiger and Maisden, in which alpha panicles from a radioactive source were scattered from thin foils, The angles at which the alpha particles were scattered were found to be such as could best be... 

Ramsay and Rayleigh succeeded in isolating all of the noble gases except mdon and in showing that they were inert to all common reagents. They also discovered the identity of alpha panicles and ionized helium. 

Alpha decay is a common radioactive process encountered with heavier radionuclides. Those with mass numbers less than about I50 (/- 60) seldom yield alpha particles. The alpha panicle is a helium nucleus having a mass of 4 and a charge of -r2. An example of alpha decay is shown by the equation... 

I i) Panicles lost in radioactive dect are of two types alpha panicles (helium nuclei) and bm particles energy electrons). Identify p and R in the following equations. 

Reconsider Example 4-8. Plot the conversion profile for the case when tl le entering pressure is increased by a factor of 5 and the particle diameter decreased by a factor of 5. (Recall that alpha is a function of the panicle diameter and Fj).) What did you leam from your plot What. should jl your next settings of a and to leam more Assume turbulent flow. Consider adding an inert to the reaction in Example 4-9, keeping the total i molar flow rate at a constant. Plot the exit conversion and the equilibrium conversion as a function of the mole fraction of an inert. What are the advantages and disadvantages of adding an inert ... 

I hen a radioactive nucleus emits an alpha or bera panicle, the identity of the nucleus is changed because there is a change in atomic number. I hc changing of one element to another is called transmutation. Consider a uranium-238 nucleus, which contain.s92 protons and 146 neutrons. When an alpha particle is ejected, the nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Becau.se an element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus, the 90 protons and 144 neutrons left behind arc no longer identified as being uranium. What we have now is a nucleus of a different element—thorium. 

Why would you expect alpha particles to be less able to penetrate materials than beta panicles ... 

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