Alloys holmium

Currently, holmium metal does not have much commercial application. However, because of its unusual magnetic properties, it is being used in research studies to explore the magnetic and alloying behavior of metals. 

Holmium 67 Ho Electronic devices, catalysts, refractories, magnetic materials, magnetostrictive alloys... 

Another potential use for holmium is a result of its very unusual and strong magnetic properties. It has been used in alloys with other metals to produce some of the strongest magnetic fields ever produced. Holmium also has some limited use in the manufacture of control rods for nuclear power plants. Control rods limit the number of neutrons available to cause the fission of uranium in nuclear reactors, thus controlling the amount of energy produced in the plant. 

Lai -j Ce TbyP04 exhibit strong green emission radiation. Such kinds of compounds are called phosphors and are used to display color in television. Terbium is also used as an alloy material in compact discs, see also Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Samarium Ytterbium. 

Gadolinium, holmium, yttrium-(cobalt)-manganese alloys... 

Cavin et al. (1967) reported the lattice spacings of five binary Sc-Ho alloys. Their data were also presented and analysed by Gschneidner (1975) and Gschneidner and Calderwood (1983b, 1986a). (3Sc forms a continuous series of solid solutions with holmium. 

Lundin (1966), in a systematic study of the formation of the Sm-type structure in intra rare earth binary alloys, measured lattice spacings for several lanthanum-holmium compositions in and near the range of existence of that structure. His X-ray films of the 60 and 65 at% Ho alloys had insufficient lines for a lattice spacing determination. He reported boundaries for the Sm-type structure in... 

Lundin (1966) studied nine compositions in the cerium-holmium alloy system and reported lattice spacings for four of his alloys. He used 99.9 wt% pure cerium (principal impurities were C, O, Fe, Al, Si, Cu, Mo and W) and 99.9 + wt% pure holmium (principal impurities were O, Zn, Ca and other rare earths) in the preparation of his alloys, which were melted under purified argon in a nonconsumable electrode arc furnace, then homogenized at 650°C for 32 hr followed by rapid cooling. Jayaraman et al. (1966) also reported lattice spacings for a 8 phase... 

Lundin (1966) measured lattice spacings of neodymium-holmium alloys in the neodymium-rich part of this system during his investigation of the nature and formation of the Sm-type structure. Both the neodymium and the holmium metal... 

Lundin (1%6) also determined the heat of mixing for neodymium-holmium alloys from measurements of the heats of solution obtained in a liquid indium calorimeter (see section 2.4.4). His curve for heat of mixing, referred to 0°C, is reproduced in fig. 62. 

Fig. 62. Heat of mixing of alloys in the neodymium-holmium system at 0°C. The heat of formation of the fi phase, which exists from 20 to 40at% Ho, is not evident.

Cavin et al. (1967) have reported lattice spacings for five compositions in the holmium-scandium system. Details are not available on the purity of their metals, their alloy preparation procedures or the method used to determine the lattice parameters. Since their lattice spacing measurements for holmium and scandium metal were not included in their report, it is not known if the spacings for these... 

Their unadjusted data are shown in fig. Ill along with the lattice spacings for pure holmium and scandium taken from table 2. These data show a positive deviation from Vegard s law behavior in both the a and c spacings. In hght of the behavior observed in the Gd-Sc and Tb-Sc systems (see sections 2.51.2 and 2.58.1), it appears likely that if the data could be adjusted for corrections to the spacings of the end-members, the data for these alloys would fall closer to the Vegard s law fine. 

Early studies of holmium 17 5. Alloys, compounds and superlattices 61... 

X Zhou, Y Huang, Z Wei, Q Chen, F Gan, Improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by holmium addition Corrosion Science, 2006, 48, 4223-4233. 

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