Alkylation of dianhydrohexitols under phase-transfer catalysis PTC conditions

Alkylation of dianhydrohexitols under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions 

Dialkylations were attempted as model reactions before subsequent polymerizations and revealed very important specific microwave effects [88] (Eq. (34) and Tab. 3.14). 

The reaction of monobenzylated isosorbide D with ditosylates (Eq. 35) is more subtle the microwave-specific effect (Tab. 3.15) appeared when the temperature was lowered to 80 °C (modulated by the presence of cyclohexane) whereas it was masked by a higher temperature of 110 °C (maintained by the use of toluene) [89]. 

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