Alkyl Sulfonates and Sulfates

Synthetically useful alkylation of Grignard reagents can also be carried out with alkyl sulfonates and sulfates. 

Higher C/O-alkylation ratios are observed with alkyl halides than with alkyl sulfonates and sulfates. The highest C/O-alkylation ratios are obtained with alkyl iodides. For ethylation of the potassium salt of ethyl acetoacetate in HMPA, the product compositions shown below were obtained.47... 

The time expenditure per sample is about 24 hours for the wet-chemical procedure, with 2.5 hours being the effective working time. In contrast, using ion chromatography requires only 20 to 25 minutes, including calibration time, for each sulfate determination [52]. In addition, ion chromatography has the advantage that short-chain alkyl sulfonates and sulfates do not interfere with the sulfate determination and chloride and orthophosphate can be detected in the same run. 

Alkyl Sulfonates and Sulfates 2.6.1 Alkyl Sulfonic Acids and Sulfonates... 

Compared with fatty acids, alkyl sulfonates and sulfates are strong electrolytes. Therefore, alkyl sulfonates and sulfates appear in the form of ions. The solubilities and the CMC of alkyl sulfonates and sulfates are found in Table 2.7. 

Compared with fatty acids with the same alkyls, the flotation characteristics of alkyl sulfonates and sulfates can be given by the following ... 

Pietrzyk, D. J., P. G. Rigas, D. Yuan, Separation and indirect detection of alkyl sulfonates and sulfates, J. Chromatogr. Sci, 1989,27,485-490. 

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