Alkyl hahde from ethers

From the Grignard reagent (prepared from the alkyl hahde and magnesium in dry ether) with the mercuric salt of the same halogen in ether... 

Ether from the alkylation of alkoxides by alkyl halides. In order for reaction to go smoothly, the alkyl halides are preferred to be primary. Secondary halides work as well sometimes, but tertiary hahdes do not work at all because E2 elimination will be the predominant reaction pathway. 

The reactivities of alkyl halides are in the sequence RI > RBr > RCl and MeX > EtX > PrX. Benzyl hahde reactions with tin do not require catalysts (equation 2). For less reactive halides, the catalysts and promoters employed include metals (sodium, magnesium, zinc, or copper), Lewis bases (amines, triorganophosphines and -stibines, alcohols, or ethers), iodides, and onium salts (R4MX). The use of tin-sodimn alloys can result in tri- or tetraorganotin products. Electrochemical synthesis has also been reported, e.g. the formation of R2SnX2 from the oxidation of anodic tin by RX in benzene solution and the formation of ILtSn from RI (R = Me or NCCH2CH2) and cathodic tin. 

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