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Alkyl groups directing electron-donating effects

DIRECTING ELECTRON-DONATING EFFECTS OF ALKYL GROUPS... [Pg.698]

Directing Electron-Donating Effects of Alkyl Groups CHAPTER 16... [Pg.699]

Experimental measurements of dipole moments give size but not direction We normally deduce the overall direction by examining the directions of individual bond dipoles With alkenes the basic question concerns the alkyl groups attached to C=C Does an alkyl group donate electrons to or withdraw electrons from a double bond d This question can be approached by comparing the effect of an alkyl group methyl for exam pie with other substituents... [Pg.196]

Inductive and resonance effects account for the directing effects of substituents as well as for their activating or deactivating effects. Take alkyl groups, for instance, which have an electron-donating inductive effect and are ortho and para directors. The results of toluene nitration are shown in Figure 16.13. [Pg.565]

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Alkyl group directing effect

Alkyl group electron donation

Alkyl groups electron-donating effect

Direct alkylation

Direct effects

Directing Electron-Donating Effects of Alkyl Groups

Directing effect

Directing groups

Directional effect

Directive effects

Electron directions

Electron donation

Electron-donating effects

Electron-donating group

Electron-donating groups effect

Electronic effect alkyl groups

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