Alignment media types

Show that a similarity-type solution can be obtained for the case of two-dimensional flow over a flat plate in a porous medium, the plate being aligned with a forced flow... 

Fig. 1. Consensus structure prediction for three tRNA sequences in different representations. Top row conventional secondary structure drawing as produced by RNAalifold (left) and colorrna.pl (right). Second row dot plot and mountain representation. Bottom alignment with consensus structure in bracket format, and conservation curve as produced by coloraln.pl. In this black and white version, red (no variation) is replaced by light gray, ochre (two types of pairs) by medium gray, and green (three types of pairs) by dark gray. Color versions of all figures can be found in the electronic supplement.

Approximate uniformity of medium effects for similar acids can be used to set up a crude universal acidity scale, for the spacing of values on a linear scale will be independent of the medium. The acidity scales or order of p a values in different solvents are aligned so that they match at the p a values of some selected standard acids. This universal scale is found to be a crude approximation if it includes a variety of acids and breaks down altogether if acids of different charge types are compared. 

Figure 3.7 Energy level alignment at metal-semiconductor interface, (a) n-type inorganic semiconductor assuming continuum medium model for the semiconductor, where the interface dipole effect (AEvac) is shown.

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