Alcohols, fuel

See Cryogenics Membrane yechnology Molecular sieves Nibrogen. 

The benefits of alcohol fuels include increased energy diversification in the transportation sector, accompanied by some energy security and balance of payments benefits, and potential air quaUty improvements as a result of the reduced emissions of photochemically reactive products (see Air POLLUTION). The Clean Air Act of 1990 and emission standards set out by the State of California may serve to encourage the substantial use of alcohol fuels, unless gasoline and diesel technologies can be developed that offer comparable advantages. 

Properties Methanol Ethanol Propane Methane Isoctane Unleaded gasoline Diesel fuel 2 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

Stoichiometric air—fuel volumetric ratio water solubility sulfur content, wt % 

See Cryogenics Membrane technology Molecular sieves Nitrogen. 

Some potential problems of alcohol fuels have been addressed by adding small amounts of gasoline or specific hydrocarbons to the fuel, reducing the flammability envelope and providing luminosity in case of fire. 

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Alcohol fuel vehicles Alcoholic beverages Alcoholic fermentation Alcoholic proof Alcoholism... 

Alcohol Production. Studies to assess the costs of alcohol fuels and to compare the costs to those of conventional fuels contain significant uncertainties. In general, the low cost estimates iadicate that methanol produced on a large scale from low cost natural gas could compete with gasoline when oil prices are around 140/L ( 27/bbl). This comparison does not give methanol any credits for environmental or energy diversification benefits. Ethanol does not become competitive until petroleum prices are much higher. 

It was not until the early 1980s that the potential air quahty benefits of alcohol fuels started to be investigated. It was about five years later that... 

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