ALBERDA

When this isomeiization reaction is catalyzed by alkah, it is termed the Lobry de Bmyn-Alberda van Ekenstein reaction. By it, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-fmctose can be interconverted. The isomerizations involve a common intermediate, the 1,2-enediol. In the Glu—Man—Fm interconversions... 

Kramers and Alberda (K20) have reported some data in graphical form for the residence-time distribution of water with countercurrent air flow in a column of 15-cm diameter and 66-cm height packed with 10-mm Raschig rings. It was concluded that axial mixing increased with increasing gas flow rate and decreasing liquid flow rate, and that the results were not adequately represented by the diffusion model. 

Alberda van Ekenstein rearrangement, generates the enediol anion intermediate that might undergo nonreversible degradation reactions. 

Angyal SJ (2001) The Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein Transformation and Related Reactions. 215 1-14... 

Albrecht M (2004) Supramolecular Templating in the Formation of Helicates. 248 105-139 Ando T, Inomata S-I, Yamamoto M (2004) Lepidopteran Sex Pheromones. 239 51-96 Angyal SJ (2001) The Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein Transformation and Related Reactions. 215 1-14... 

It is generally accepted that below 6°C grass is unlikely to grow, and this is known as the cardinal temperature. Alberda (1965) stated that at temperatures above 11 °C grass growth is independent of increase in temperature and that under optimal nutritional conditions growth is then determined by light intensity. 

Alberda, Th. (1965) Responses of Grasses to Temperature and Light. In The Growth of Cereals and Grasses (eds F.L. Milthorpe J.D. Ivins), pp. 202-12. Butterworths, London. 

Kramers and Alberda (6) have discussed the manner in which sinusoidal variations are analyzed, but we will discuss only the first two types of stimuli. They are sufficient for the analysis of the majority of situations that will be encountered by the chemical engineer engaged in the practice of designing chemical reactors. 

Okihara T, Cartier L, Alberda von Ekenstein GOR, Lotz B (1998) Polymer 40 1... 

For the preparation of 2 by aqueous, alkaline hydrolysis of the lactone ring in 4, precautions against Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein rearrangements,100 and even against decomposition101 of... 

Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein reaction, 4 712 Lobsters, aquaculture, 3 189 Local chain conformation, HDPE, 20 162 Local emergency planning committee (LEPC), 21 589... 

Aldoses generally undergo benzilic acid-type rearrangements to produce saccharinic acids, as well as reverse aldol (retro-aldol) reactions with j3-elimination, to afford a-dicarbonyl compounds. The products of these reactions are in considerable evidence at elevated temperatures. The conversions of ketoses and alduronic acids, however, are also of definite interest and will be emphasized as well. Furthermore, aldoses undergo anomerization and aldose-ketose isomerization (the Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein transformation ) in aqueous base. However, both of these isomerizations are more appropriately studied at room temperature, and will be considered only in the context of other mechanisms. 

Unfortunately, Eq. (124) does not extrapolate to j Therefore, Kramers and Alberda suggested using... 

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