Aggregation of Ions in Solutions

In solvents of low permittivity, ion aggregation may proceed beyond ion pairing to form triple ions or larger aggregates. With 1 1 electrolytes composed of small ions— cations C and anions A —triple ions such as C A and A C A can be found. 

Polyelectrolytes are soluble polymers that carry ionicaUy dissociable groups, ionizing partly or completely to polyions. Polystyrene sulfonic acid [CH CH (C,H,S03-H )]  

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