Aggregate oxygen species

The first recognized properties of hydroxytyrosol were its ability to prevent the oxidation of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [47] and the aggregation of blood platelets [48]. Manna et al. [49] proved that this compound is able to protect several cellular human systems from the toxicity induced by reactive oxygen species. 

Mediates leukocyte adhesion and activation, allowing them to bind to the endothelium and migrate across it. In neutrophils, a potent chemoattractant and able to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species and the release of lysosomal enzymes by these cells. Potent vasodilator, relaxes smooth muscle, reduces platelet aggregation, aids in leukocyte recruitment, has direct antimicrobial activity in high concentrations. A group of lipids which can cause vasodilation, fever and pain. 

TNFa can induce apoptosis in many normal and transformed types of cells. For example, activation of TNF receptors by TNFa or other members of the TNF superfamily causes an aggregation of receptors, which leads to the recruitment of various adaptor proteins that activate downstream kinases and proteases, including caspases. Mitochondria are important targets for TNF-initiated death signals. The subsequent release from mitochondria of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion and cytochrome c oxidase and other factors that induce apoptosis, plays a pivotal part in TNF-induced cell death. ... 

Tabner BJ, Turnbull S, El-Agnaf O, Allsop D. Production of reactive oxygen species from aggregating proteins implicated in Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2001 1 507-17. 

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