Advanced integrated pond system

Primary treatment and secondary treatment are also cosdy. Where appropriate, therefore, the millions of dollars spent on wastewater treatment might be shifted to alternative methods of waste management, such as advanced integrated pond systems, which are described next. 

ADVANCED INTEGRATED POND SYSTEMS TREAT WASTEWATER... 

The pilot advanced integrated pond system in St. Helena, California, which has been in operation since the 1960s. There are now more than 85 AIP systems in operation in various spots around the world. 

What is the source of the energy used to aerate wastewater in an advanced integrated pond system ... 

Advanced integrated pond systems to date are best suited for small communities that have access to wide areas of land and lots of sunshine. But even if the conditions are right for a particular community, there is still the social inertia to overcome for doing something different. 

The advanced integrated pond (AIP) system, shown in Figure 16.24, is a method of wastewater treatment that makes sense for many communities of 2000 to 10,000 people in both developed and developing nations. Wastewater is channeled into an extensive pond system where plants use nutrients from the sewage as fertilizer. A system of paddlewheels guarantees constant aeration of the effluent,... 

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