Adrenals

45 pm in giant mitochondria, while adjacent mitochondria measured 0.5 + 0.32 pm (Volk and Scarpelli (1966). In rats treated with 1 mg progesterone per kg body weight x day for six days the number of mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae increased (Volk 1971). Aminoglutethimide, which inhibits lip-hydroxylation in corticoid biosynthesis (Liddle 1960), induced mitochondrial alterations consisting of interruption of the external limiting membranes and cavitation of the matrix, whereas mitochondrial hypertrophy predominated at later intervals (Racela et al. 1969). 

A haemoprotein spectroscopically fairly well agreeing with hepatic cytochrome was isolated from hog adrenals by Krisch and Staudinger (1958). At the light microscopic level, parenchymal cells of the bovine zona fasciculata and zona reticu- 

Metyrapone, 2-methyl-l,2-di-3-pyridyl-l-pro-panone, is a potent reversible inhibitor (Dominguez and Samuels 1963, Sanzari and Peron 1966, Satre and Vignais 1974) of the and cytochrome P-450iip-hydroxylase enzyme system of the adrenal cortex. A quantitative structure activity relationship has been established between 5-hydro-xytryptamine receptor agonist activity of 8-hydro-xy-2-alkylamino)tetralins and adrenal cortical lip-hydroxylase inhibition potency of metyrapone derivatives and the van der Waals volume of the compound (Singh 1986). 

The thickness of the zona glomerulosa decreased in 6-month-old Wistar rats exposed to chronic nor-mobaric hypoxia (Lorente et al. 2002). The main ultrastructural changes were 1) a decrease in, or complete elimination of lipid droplets content 2) a marked increase in the lysosome number and 3) giant mitochondria. 

A stratum of cells that did not contain both aldosterone synthase cytochrome P450 (cytochrome P-450aid) and cytochrome P-450np was found immu-nohistochemically between the zona glomerulosa 

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C. It is secreted along with noradrenaline by the adrenal medulla, from which it may be obtained. It may be synthesized from catechol. It is used as the acid tartrate in the treatment of allergic reactions and circulatory collapse. It is included in some local anaesthetic injections in order to constrict blood vessels locally and slow the disappearance of anaesthetic from the site of injection. Ultimately it induces cellular activation of phosphorylase which promotes catabolism of glycogen to glucose. 

Cortisone is a hormone produced by the cortex of the adrenal glands. As with other adrenal corticoid steroids, administration of cortisone leads to an increased deposition of liver glycogen. Tt can remove features of rheumatoid arthritis, but does not check the underlying disease it is used in various diseases of the eye, and is an antiallergic and anlifibroplastic agent. 

M.p. 103°C. Noradrenaline is released in the adrenal medulla with adrenaline, and also at the sympathetic nerve endings. Its release from a nerve fibre is followed by binding to a receptor molecule on the next nerve or muscle fibre, probably causing a change in the electrical charge of the receptor-cell membrane. Biosynthetically it normally serves as a precursor for adrenaline. 

Also called adrena/rne a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that prepares the organism for flight or fight )... 

The outer layer or cortex of the adrenal gland is the source of a large group of sub stances known as corticosteroids Like the bile acids they are derived from cholesterol by oxidation with cleavage of a portion of the alkyl substituent on the D ring Cortisol IS the most abundant of the corticosteroids but cortisone is probably the best known Cortisone is commonly prescribed as an antiinflammatory drug especially m the treat ment of rheumatoid arthritis... 

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