Adenosine triphosphate , redox-active

Fig. 76.2 Polyphenols and polyphenol-rich sources induce endothelial-dependent NO- and EDH-mediated relaxations. Polyphenols are potent inducers of the oidothelial formation of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizatitm (EDH) via a redox-soisitive mechanism. SKca small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, IKca intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, Src Src family kinase, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, eNOS endothelial NO synthase, L-Arg L-arginine, sGC soluble guanylyl cyclase, GTP guanosine triphosphate, cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate, AA arachidonic acid, COX cyclooxygenase, ATP adenosine triphosphate, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate...

J. Ruiz, C. Belin, D. Astrac - Assembly of Dendrimers with Redox-Active Clusters [CpFe(n3-CO)]4 at the Periphery and Application to Oxo-anion and Adenosine-5 -Triphosphate (ATP) Sensing, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 45,132,2006. 

In pathway 2, propionate can be converted into 3-HP by using the multifunctional OS17 enzyme, having CoA synthase, dehydrogenase, and dehydratase activities [27]. However, this pathway is not thermodynamically feasible and produces a negative net adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is not ideal in biological systems due to the resulting redox imbalance [9]. 

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