Adenosine triphosphatase release from

The catecholamines can play an important role in the short-term regulation of plasma potassium levels. Stimulation of hepatic a-adrenoceptors will result in the release of potassium from the liver. In contrast, stimulation of (32-adrenoceptors, particularly in skeletal muscle, will lead to the uptake of potassium into this tissue. The (32-adrenoceptors are linked to the enzyme Na"", K+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Excessive stimulation of these (32-adrenoceptors may produce hypokalemia, which in turn can be a cause of cardiac arrhythmias. 

The major clinical feature of patients with deficiency of dopamine p-hydroxylase is orthostatic hypotension caused by reduced synthesis and release of norepinephrine by sympathetic nerves. The deficiency is characterized neuro-chemically by decreased levels of norepinephruie and norepinephrine metabolites and increased levels of dopamine and dopamine metabolites. Diagnosis is best achieved from an increased ratio of plasma dopamine to norepinephrine. Copper deficiency in Menkes disease is due to defects in the gene coding for a copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase. Because dopamine p-hydroxylase is a copper-dependent enzyme, the deficiency is associated with decreased activity of the enzyme and reduced production of norepinephrine from dopamine. Prompt diagnosis at childbirth is essential for copper-replacement therapy, and... 

Although lipid barriers are common outside the capsids of viruses (and inside as well for poxviruses), no lipids are associated with adenoviruses or reoviruses. Enzymes are frequently present. Neuraminidase, in myxoviruses, releases sialic acid 5.15) from a glycopeptide widely present in mucus. Vaccinia virus (a poxvirus) contains the enzyme RNA polymerase which enters the host cell at the time of infection. A herpesvirus has adenosine triphosphatase. Lysozyme is common in phages. Carbohydrates, other than the pentose that forms part of the nucleic acids, have often been found. Analysis of purified herpes simplex virus showed proteins (70%), phospholipids (22%), DNA (6%), and carbohydrates (1.6%). 

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