Adenosine thiamin triphosphate AThTP

Thiamin (thiamine, vitamin Bi), also formerly called aneurin (antineuritic factor), is a water-soluble vitamin of the B group. Like other B vitamins, thiamin is the precursor of an important coenzyme, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), required for the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids. However, in contrast to other B vitamins, non-cofactor roles have been proposed for thiamin derivatives. These could be mediated by two triphosphate derivatives, thiamin triphosphate (ThTP) and the recently discovered adenosine thiamin triphosphate (AThTP) (Bettendorff et al. 2007). 

Figure 5.4 Structural formulae of thiamin phosphate esters. At present, five natural thiamin phosphate derivatives have been described thiamin monophosphate (ThMP) thiamin diphopshate (ThDP) thiamin triphosphate (ThTP) adenosine thiamin diphosphate (AThDP) and adenosine thiamin triphosphate (AThTP). Catalytic intermediates, such as for instance a-hydroxyethyl thiamine diphosphate formed by the action of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1), are not considered here.

ThTP through its ability to phosphorylate proteins (Nghiem et al. 2000). Thiamin is the only known natural organic molecule that is not a nucleotide but forms mono-, di- and triphospho-derivatives. Recently, even thiamin adenylated derivatives have been described adenosine thiamin diphosphate (AThDP) and adenosine thiamin triphosphate (AThTP) (Bettendorff et al. 2007 Frederich et al. 2009). 

Other thiamin phosphate derivatives are thiamin triphosphate (ThTP) and the recently discovered adenosine thiamin triphosphate (AThTP). 

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