Additivity law for

This formula defines the Einstein addition law for parallel velocities. It shows that, no matter how closely P and (3 approach unity f3" can never exceed unity. In this sense c can be considered to be the ultimate speed allowed by special relativity. 

The rotation of polarized light.—Rotation of polarized light7 is additive for soln. of mixtures of salts which do not form double salts, and there is a marked deviation from the additive law for mixtures known to form double salts. 

There are, however, many systems in which deviations occur from a simple additive law for conductance. The system of CdClj and KCI is a case in point (full line in Fig. 5.53). A minimum in the conductivity curve is observed. What is the significance of this minimum ... 

In Fig. 17, the twisting power is plotted against the solvent composition in the dioxane-EDC mixed solvent system at various temperatures. It is clear that a linear additive law for the twisting power is realised at each temperature. The critical composition of the solvent at which compensation occurs shifts to higher dioxane content as the temperature is increased. 

Figure 5.1. shows the linear increase of the microhardness of the low-density polymer with increasing concentration of the linear material, from 20 MPa up to about 70 MPa, for 100% of the HD component. A similar linear increase is obtained for the slowly crystallized materials (see arrows in Fig. 5.1.). The H values are, however, larger owing to the larger crystal thicknesses of both components (Baltd Calleja, 1976). Using the additivity law for a system comprising two types of crystals, LD and HD, then ...

Bearing in mind the outlined peculiarities of condensation polymer blends, and particularly when they consist of one component and one phase (this case is more the exception rather than the general rule since block copolymers usually consist of two, three, or more phases), the application of the additivity law for the evaluation of their characteristics does not seem to be completely justified. The observed good agreement between the measured microhardness values and the calculated ones (Fig. 5.7) allows one to make an important conclusion in this respect. 

An analogical - but empirical - equation was given earlier by Szyszkowski (1908). When the surface tension of both the components does not differ much, Eq. (6.34) leads to a simple additivity law for surface tensions. If ai and a2 are sufficiently close, then the exponentials can be expanded into a MacLaurin series giving... 

From Eq. (6.39), it follows that for ideal solutions the surface tension obeys the simple additivity law. For the surface tension of the second component it follows from Eq. (6.39) that... 

The overall coefficient employed in the design equations is related to individual coefficients for liquid and gas phases by the inverse addition law for systems that follow Henry s law. 

How can such data be used to calculate the flaction o( the p tide which is free in solution (fp) and the fraction bound to calmodulin (fg)7 The additivity law for anisotropies (Eq. [10.6]) is propriate when the / are the fractional intensities, not the fractional populations. New 340 nm there is no change in intensity upon binding. Under... 

In his approach to the problem, Kerner (who also developed a common additivity law for the modulus of composites Section 12.1.1.1) assumed that the overall conductivity could be considered as a weighted linear superposition of the component conductivities. The weights in turn were considered as the product of a geometrical factor (volume fraction of filler) and an intensity factor (ratio of the average value of the electrical field component in the direction of the applied field to the average value of the... 

The best overlapping of epoxynovolaic pitches with phenoformaldehyde was attained in diluent medium containing isoforon and etiltselozolv in the ratio 2 1. As is seen from fig. 1, change of value [rj] in solutions of EV PF mixes obeys the additive law for all structures ... 

In liquid crystalline mixtures the following additivity law for the effective value of dielectric anisotropy is valid ... 

Practically this means that the Verdet s additivity law for specific rotations... 

Modified additivity law for systems containing soft component and/or phase... 

As a first step, the study was carried out on the model compound. Concentrations Cm Cs and Cms t equilibrium were determined from the variation of optical rotatory power (a)D as a function of the molar ratio r = [CaCl2]/[model compound] for r <80 and from the apparent asymptotic hmit found for the highest r values considered using the additivity law for the rotatory power of a mixture of optically active species. 

Note 8.6.- This theorem, which has often been viewed as an inverse (or conductance) addition law for series reactions (by analogy to the electrical conductances), is not one of them. This is because the addition does not concern the rates of the inverses of both determining steps (which are equal), but the solutions of the modes with one determining step. 

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