Alkene addition

Once metal hydride addition (alkene insertion) has taken place, for example (3) —> (4), -elimination (4) - (3) and readdition can occur (Scheme 2). Accordingly, alkene isomerization can take place in the hydroformylation process (equation 3). 

Palladium(0)-catalysed coupling reactions of haloarenes with alkenes, leading to carbon-carbon bond formation between unsaturated species containing sp2-hybridised carbon atoms, follow a similar mechanistic scheme as already stated, the general features of the catalytic cycle involve an oxidative addition-alkene insertion-reductive elimination sequence. The reaction is initiated by the oxidative addition of electrophile to the zero-valent metal [86], The most widely used are diverse Pd(0) complexes, usually with weak donor ligands such as tertiary phosphines. A coordinatively unsaturated Pd(0) complex with a formally d° 14-electron structure has meanwhile been proven to be a catalytically active species. This complex is most often generated in situ [87-91],... 

The pattern you saw for epoxidation with peroxy-acids (more substituted alkenes react faster) is followed by bromination reactions too. The bromonium ion is a reactive intermediate, so the rate-determining step of the brominations is the bromination reaction itself. The chart shows the effect on the rate of reaction with bromine in methanol of increasing the number of alkyl substituents from none (ethylene) to four. Each additional alkene substituent produces an enormous increase in rate. The degree of branching (Me versus n-Bu versus t-Bu) within the substituents has a much smaller, negative effect (probably of steric origin) as does the geometry (E versus Z) and substitution pattern (1.1- S... 

The initial complexes then form more complicated ones such as those shown in (18-F-VII) by dimerization or reaction with additional alkene. The cis-diol product is then isolated by reduction with Na2S03 or in other ways. Methods for amino hydroxylation, i.e., addition of amino and OH groups to C=C bonds have also been developed.105... 

Organocopper Addition (Alkene to -Functionalized Product). Tri-n-butylphosphine-stabilized organocopper reagents add in a conjugate fashion to trans-cnoaic derivatives of the 10-dicyclohexylsulfonamidoisobomeol auxiliary from the less hindered C(a)-s ( r-face with excellent selectivity (eq 2) (Table 1). This type of reaction has formed the basis of several natural product syntheses. ... 

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