Acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylates methacrylonitrile

Dimethylstyrene a-Methylstyrene o-Chlorostyrene Acrylonitrile Methacrylonitrile Acrylic acid... 

The polar monomers cited include acrylic acid, acrylic esters, meth-acrylic acid, methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrolein, and vinyl acetate. While this list is reasonable, it also includes vinyl halides and vinylidene halides, although no examples with the latter are given. In view of the fact that the vinyl and vinylidene halides do not form complexes with Friedel-Crafts catalysts, these monomers would not be expected to be operable, as demonstrated by the results of Imoto (30). 

The chain tacticity of PMMA synthesized by GTP catalyzed by nucleophiles at different temperatures was analyzed by Webster and coworkers The syndiotactic content increases from 50% at 60 °C up to 80% at —90°C in THF, using tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium bifluoride [(Me2N)3S+ HF2 ] as catalyst . In contrast to the anionic polymerization of MMA, the stereoselectivity of GTP is less sensitive to solvent. It must be noted that PMMA is less syndiotactic when the GTP is catalyzed by nucleophiles rather than by Lewis acids . GTP was extended to the living polymerization of many acrylates and methacrylates, such as nBuMA, glycidyl-MA, 2-ethylhexyl-MA, Me3SiOCH2CH2-MA, sorbyl-MA, allyl-MA, lauryl-MA), acrylates (EA, BuA), acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and Al,A-dimethylacrylamide . 

The subjects of reports on radiation-induced polymerization have included the following monomers ethylene,70 tetrafluoroethylene,71 acrylonitrile,72 acrylic acid,78 and methacrylonitrile,74 alkyl acrylates and methacrylates,76 styrene,78 other vinyl monomers,77 78 acrylamide,79 vinylcarbazole,80 maleimide,81 pentenes,82 aminoalkyl monomers,83 isobutyl vinyl ether,84 and buta-1,3-diene.85... 

Poly(methyl methacylate co methyl a chlorometh acrylate (38%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co acrylonitrile (11%)) " Poly(methyl methacrylate co indenone (50%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co oximino 2 butanone co methacrylonitrile (15%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co methacrylic acid (25%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co methacrylic acid co methacrylic anhydride) IBM Terpolymer Poly(methyl methacrylate co Isobutylene (25%)) ... 

In formations of ternary complexes, the acceptor vinyl compound must have a double bond conjugated to a cyano or to a carbonyl group. Such acceptors are acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic and methacrylic esters and acids, methyl vinyl ketone, acrylamide, etc. Donor monomers are styrene, a-methyl styrene, butadiene, 2-3-dimethyl butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, etc. 

AA, acrylic acid MAA, methacrylic acid MA, methyl acrylate MMA, methyl methacrylate BMA, butyl methacrylate MEA, methyl ethacrylate AN, acrylonitrile MAN, methacrylonitrile S, styrene AMS, a-methylstyrene VAc, vinyl acetate VC, vinyl chloride... 

Typical examples of monomers, which can polymerize in anionic way are 2-nitropropene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, butadiene, styrene and izopropene. 

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