Abstinence syndrome withdrawal benzodiazepine

Because of the chronicity of illness, persons with GAD and panic disorder are at high risk of developing benzodiazepine dependence. Benzodiazepine dependence is a physiologic phenomenon demonstrated by the appearance of apredictable abstinence syndrome (withdrawal symptoms) on abrupt discontinuation of therapy. Withdrawal symptoms may result because of the sudden dissociation of a benzodiazepine from its receptor site. After abrupt discontinuation, an acute decrease in GABA neurotransmission results, producing a less inhibited CNS. 

Tolerance to the effects of marijuana clearly exist even though chronic users have described a reversed tolerance and claim that smaller doses of the drug are necessary to produce the desired effects. This effect is probably related to the manner of use and the expectations of the user. Chronic, high-dose cannabis users may experience an abstinence or withdrawal syndrome on abrupt discontinuation of use. Signs and symptoms include irritability, restlessness, nervousness, weight loss, insomnia, and rapid eye movement (REM) rebound. Onset of this syndrome is several hours after the last dose, and it lasts 4 to 5 d. Because withdrawal is not life-threatening, treatment involves little more than supportive therapy with short-term, low doses of benzodiazepines. 

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