Benzene, absorption-ionization processes

FIGURE 6.2 Examples of absorption-ionization processes for benzene. (Reprinted with permission from reference 13). 

Braun and Scott (1987) used two-photon ionization of benzene and azulene in n-hexane and followed the e-ion recombination process by monitoring the transient absorption of the electron. The results are not very different from those obtained by the IR stimulation technique. A mean thermalization length of 5.0 nm was inferred at 223 K using a two-photon excitation at 266 nm. Hong and Noolandi s theory was used for the analysis. The absorption technique was... 

The process for the production of nitrobenzene from benzene involves the use of mixed acid (Fig. 1), but there are other useful nitrating agents, e.g., inorganic nitrates, oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid plus acetic anhydride, and nitric acid plus phosphoric acid. In fact, the presence of sulfuric acid in quantity is vital to the success of the nitration because it increases the solubility of the hydrocarbon in the reaction mix, thus speeding up the reaction, and promotes the ionization of the nitric acid to give the nitronium ion (N02+), which is the nitrating species. Absorption of water by sulfuric acid favors the nitration reaction and shifts the reaction equilibrium to the product. 

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