A Scalable Electro-chemo-mechanical Model

Since the lateral dimensions are typically orders of magnitude larger than the thickness, we assume that the ion concentration, c x,t), varies only along the thickness direction x and is uniform along the length and width directions. The concentration c x,t) within the polymer is governed by the diffusion djmamics  

The anions transferred into and out of the polymer result in swelling/deswelling of the polymer. The induced in-plane strain e is shown to relate to the density p of the transferred charges by [Otero and Sansinena (1997)] 

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