3d magnetic moments

In transition-series elements, the phenomena are more complex. A first ionisation step involves transfer of the 4s electrons to form divalent cations in Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and of the 4s electron in Cr and Cu to form monovalent cations. These processes should produce no change in 3d magnetic moments. Further ionisation involves 3d electrons and changes in the total spin moment are expected it increases if the 3d orbital is more than half-full, and decreases if it is half-full or less than half-full. This can be illustrated by reference to the progressive ionisation of Fe, Table 4.4. 

The amorphous alloys are characterised by a structural disorder where each atom constitutes a structural unit. In this state, the small mass density and the loss of the periodicity enhance the localisation of the 3d electrons in the lanthanide-transition metal alloys. In amorphous alloys, at a certain concentration, the 3d magnetic moment... 

Fig. 18. as a function of the 3d-magnetic moment for a number of lanthanide intermetallics. Data reported for Dy2(CO -jNi,)i7 (triangles) are included. After Due (1993a). 

Fig. 9. 3d-magnetic moment as a function of yttrium concentration in Y-Ni, Y-Co and Y-Fe intermetallics. 

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